Launching the Imagination / Pg. 231-256 / 355
Launching the Imagination / Pg. 231-256 / 355
Emphasis: Gives particular prominence to part of a design
Focal Point: a compositional device used to create emphasis
Anomaly: (Break from the norm): tends to stand out. Because we seek to connect the verbal and visual information we are given, a mismatched work or an isolated object immediately attracts attention.
Contrast: created when two or more forces operate in opposition.
Repetition: occurs when we use the same visual element or effect any number of times within a composition.
Rhythm: the organization of these multiple elements or effects into a deliberate pattern. Often used to create compositional unity.
Materials and Methods:
An incredible range of materials and methods can be used to produce three-dimensional objects. Paper, metal, fivers, clay and plastic are among the most versatile materials used by artists and designers; folding, casting, carving, weaving, and stamping are just a few of the production methods.
Strength: how much weight can a given material support? What is its breaking point?
Workability: How difficult is it to alter the shape of a material? Does it cut and bend easily? Can it be melted and cast or dripped to create a new form?
Durability: what range of forces can this material withstand and for how long? Is it impervious to heat, water wind, and ultraviolet light?
Weight: A material that is too light for a given purpose can be as problematic as material that is too heavy.
Cost: Can the material chosen be obtained easily and at a reasonable cost?
Increasing Material Strength:
Composites: Created when two or more materials of differing strengths are fused together.
Structural Strength: After millions of years of experimentation, nature has developed an amazing array of effective structures.
A Skeleton: (Endoskeleton): provides the internal structure needed by mammals and fish while insects and many sea creatures rely on an external exoskeleton for support.
Flying buttress: used in hundreds of cathedrals throughout Europe.
Armature: used to create internal structure.
Distributing Force:
Compression: Occurs when a material is pushed inward.
Tension:Occurs when a material is pulled outward.
Bend;Torque: caused by direct pressure at one point
Shear: Can occur when force is applied to the opposite sides of a material.
Methods of Construction:
Additive sculpture:The artwork is created from separate parts that have been connected, usually using glues, joints, stitching or welds.
Assemblage: One additive method.
Modeling:An additive process often used by ceramicists, can make both functional and sculptural objects of great complexity.
Connections: Can be made through contact, junctions, and joints.
Transitions: Can be created in three-dimensional design.
Traditional and transformative materials:
Stone: Limestone, basalt, marble and other dense, fine grained stones have been used since prehistory to create durable and imposing object.
Clay:The most basic and versatile of all materials. Essentially made from refined earth, it can be handed-formed using coil, slab, and carving techniques; poured into molds; and "thrown," using a potter's wheel. When fired it becomes extremely durable and can be decorated with beautiful colored glazes.
Wood: Traditional cultures worldwide use wood to create functional structures, such as buildings, furniture, and utensils, as well as sculptural objects, such as masks, ancestor poles, and walking sticks.
Glass: Made primarily from silica, has been used for containers of all kinds since the time of the pharaohs.
Fibers: The term "fibers" covers a wide range of linear materials, including strips of willow, bamboo, and reeds, as well as the more familiar cotton, linen, silk, and wool.
Plastics: Transparent, translucent, or opaque, plastics can be formed into sheets and then cut and assembled. Many types of plastics can also be extruded, cast, vacuum-formed, and stamped. Lightweight, varied in color, and relatively cheap to produce, plastics have fueled a revolution in the design and distribution of household products.
Emphasis: Gives particular prominence to part of a design
Focal Point: a compositional device used to create emphasis
Anomaly: (Break from the norm): tends to stand out. Because we seek to connect the verbal and visual information we are given, a mismatched work or an isolated object immediately attracts attention.
Contrast: created when two or more forces operate in opposition.
Repetition: occurs when we use the same visual element or effect any number of times within a composition.
Rhythm: the organization of these multiple elements or effects into a deliberate pattern. Often used to create compositional unity.
Materials and Methods:
An incredible range of materials and methods can be used to produce three-dimensional objects. Paper, metal, fivers, clay and plastic are among the most versatile materials used by artists and designers; folding, casting, carving, weaving, and stamping are just a few of the production methods.
Strength: how much weight can a given material support? What is its breaking point?
Workability: How difficult is it to alter the shape of a material? Does it cut and bend easily? Can it be melted and cast or dripped to create a new form?
Durability: what range of forces can this material withstand and for how long? Is it impervious to heat, water wind, and ultraviolet light?
Weight: A material that is too light for a given purpose can be as problematic as material that is too heavy.
Cost: Can the material chosen be obtained easily and at a reasonable cost?
Increasing Material Strength:
Composites: Created when two or more materials of differing strengths are fused together.
Structural Strength: After millions of years of experimentation, nature has developed an amazing array of effective structures.
A Skeleton: (Endoskeleton): provides the internal structure needed by mammals and fish while insects and many sea creatures rely on an external exoskeleton for support.
Flying buttress: used in hundreds of cathedrals throughout Europe.
Armature: used to create internal structure.
Distributing Force:
Compression: Occurs when a material is pushed inward.
Tension:Occurs when a material is pulled outward.
Bend;Torque: caused by direct pressure at one point
Shear: Can occur when force is applied to the opposite sides of a material.
Methods of Construction:
Additive sculpture:The artwork is created from separate parts that have been connected, usually using glues, joints, stitching or welds.
Assemblage: One additive method.
Modeling:An additive process often used by ceramicists, can make both functional and sculptural objects of great complexity.
Connections: Can be made through contact, junctions, and joints.
Transitions: Can be created in three-dimensional design.
Traditional and transformative materials:
Stone: Limestone, basalt, marble and other dense, fine grained stones have been used since prehistory to create durable and imposing object.
Clay:The most basic and versatile of all materials. Essentially made from refined earth, it can be handed-formed using coil, slab, and carving techniques; poured into molds; and "thrown," using a potter's wheel. When fired it becomes extremely durable and can be decorated with beautiful colored glazes.
Wood: Traditional cultures worldwide use wood to create functional structures, such as buildings, furniture, and utensils, as well as sculptural objects, such as masks, ancestor poles, and walking sticks.
Glass: Made primarily from silica, has been used for containers of all kinds since the time of the pharaohs.
Fibers: The term "fibers" covers a wide range of linear materials, including strips of willow, bamboo, and reeds, as well as the more familiar cotton, linen, silk, and wool.
Plastics: Transparent, translucent, or opaque, plastics can be formed into sheets and then cut and assembled. Many types of plastics can also be extruded, cast, vacuum-formed, and stamped. Lightweight, varied in color, and relatively cheap to produce, plastics have fueled a revolution in the design and distribution of household products.
Works Cited:
Steward, Mary. Launching the Imagination: A Comprehensive Guide to Basic Design. 4th ed.
New York, Ny: McGraw-Hill, 2012, 2008, 2006, 2002. Print
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